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Title : 《Studies of Materials on the International Relations History of Balhae》 
          (No. 52 in a project research series by Northeast Asian History Foundation)

Authored by CHANG Jae Jin et al.
Northeast Asian History Foundation | Printed on A5 | 16,000 Won each | 2011.06.29
ISBN  978-89-6187-241-6 93910

Finding new materials and introducing them are more important and urgent in the studies of Balhae's history than in any other research areas. In this context, Northeast Asian History Foundation carried out a research project for collecting, comparing, correcting and putting together materials about international relations history of Balhae. This book is the result of this work. In this book, emphasis is given on providing the entire picture of the relations history between Balhae and Tang (China) through collecting and classifying all the relevant articles, and then excluding overlaps and adding missed parts. As a result, the research has discovered a fact that Balhae sent diplomatic delegations to Tang 138 times. Also the research has found that there were actually Tang's delegations which had long been misunderstood as Balhae's delegations. Some hidden facts have been restored as well. The book also attempted to restore Tang's travel routes centering on Xian and official stations along the routes used for talks and exchanges. Comparisons are made between esoteric icons like 『Ga-gu-bul-jeong-jon-seung-da-ra-ni-gi (加句靈驗佛頂尊勝陀羅尼記)』which was passed from Balhae to Japan and has been stored in Seok-San-Sa (石山寺) temple in Japan, and another comparison between Yeong-Gwang Pagoda (靈光塔) and Joyang Cheong-Bong Pagoda (朝陽 靑峰塔), built by the Liao people, has been made in the book. Such an arrangement work is hard and difficult, but the work is necessary  for deepening studies of Balhae's history.